Types of Music Licenses Explained: Covers, Remixes & Samples

Why Does It Matters (Even for Non-Musicians)

Picture this: You’ve poured your heart and soul into crafting the perfect song. You’re ready to share it with the world, but how do you make sure you’re doing it legally? That’s where music licensing comes in.

Think of music licensing as a set of rules that govern how your music can be used by others. It’s like giving someone permission to borrow your car—you set the terms, they follow them, and everyone’s happy. Licensing ensures that you, the songwriter, get credit and compensation for your hard work. It also protects those who want to use your music, making sure they’re not breaking any copyright laws.

Now, you might be thinking, “I’m just a songwriter, not a music industry mogul. Do I really need to worry about this stuff?” The short answer is yes. Even if you’re not planning on selling millions of records, understanding music licensing is essential. It’ll help you navigate collaborations, protect your creative work, and avoid any legal headaches down the road.

Understanding Copyright Basics

Before we dive into the different types of music licenses, let’s quickly cover the basics of copyright. Copyright is a legal protection that gives creators exclusive rights to their original works. In the music world, this means that when you write a song, you automatically own the copyright to it.

Now, what exactly does copyright protect? Here’s a breakdown:

• Musical Composition: This is the melody, harmony, and overall structure of your song.
• Lyrics: The words you write for your song are also protected by copyright.
• Sound Recording: This refers to the specific recording of your song, including the vocals, instruments, and production.

Copyright is your friend. It gives you the power to control how your music is used and to make sure you’re fairly compensated for your work.

Also Read: Everything You Need To Know About 360 Deals in the Music Industry

Types of Music Licenses

Okay, now that we’ve covered the basics, let’s explore the different types of music licenses you might encounter as a songwriter:

1. Master License: 

Imagine your song is a delicious cake. The master recording is like a specific slice of that cake, with all its unique flavors and textures. A master license gives someone permission to use that exact slice—the original recording of your song—in their project.

So, when would you need a master license? Here are a few common scenarios:

• Sampling: If someone wants to use a snippet of your original recording in their own song, they’ll need a master license.
• Remixing: Creating a new version of your song using the original recording requires a master license.
• Synchronization (Sync) in audiovisual projects: If your song is going to be used in a movie, TV show, commercial, or video game, a master license is typically required.

Obtaining a master license usually involves negotiating with the owner of the master recording (often a record label). It can be a bit tricky, but don’t worry, we’ll cover resources and tips later on.

2. Mechanical License: 

Have you ever dreamt of hearing your favorite artist cover one of your songs? Or maybe you want to release your own version of a classic hit. A mechanical license is what you need to make those dreams a reality.

A mechanical license grants permission to reproduce and distribute a copyrighted musical composition in audio-only format. This means you can legally record and release cover songs, translations, or even instrumental versions of existing songs.

To obtain a mechanical license, you’ll typically need to contact the copyright holder of the composition (usually the songwriter or their publisher) and pay a royalty fee. The good news is that in many countries, there are statutory rates for mechanical licenses, which means there’s a set fee you’ll need to pay. It’s important to note that if you plan to make a music video of your cover, you’ll also need a synchronization license, which we’ll discuss next.

To obtain a mechanical license, you can use services like Harry Fox Agency (HFA) or Music Reports. These organizations can help you clear the rights and obtain the necessary licenses.

3. Synchronization (Sync) License: 

If you’ve ever watched a movie, TV show, or commercial with a killer soundtrack, you’ve witnessed the power of synchronization licenses. A sync license is required whenever music is “synchronized” with visual media.

Sync licenses are a whole different ballgame from master and mechanical licenses. They’re typically more complex and expensive because they involve multiple rights holders (the songwriter, publisher, and often the master recording owner). The cost of a sync license can vary widely depending on several factors, including:

• The popularity of the song: A well-known hit will likely cost more than a lesser-known tune.
• The type of usage: A sync license for a major motion picture will be pricier than one for a student film.
• The duration of the usage: The longer the music is used in the project, the higher the fee.
• The territory: A license for worldwide use will cost more than one for a specific region.

If you’re lucky enough to have your music considered for a sync placement, be prepared to negotiate and have a good understanding of what your music is worth.

To obtain a sync license, you need to contact the copyright holder or their representative directly. You can also use services like.

4. Public Performance License: 

Have you ever performed your music at a coffee shop, bar, or festival? Or maybe you own a business that plays background music for customers. In these scenarios, you’ll need a public performance license.

A public performance license gives you permission to play copyrighted music in a public setting. This includes live performances, DJ sets, and even music played over a sound system in a store or restaurant.

In most countries, public performance licenses are handled by performing rights organizations (PROs). These organizations collect royalties from businesses and venues that play music publicly and distribute them to songwriters and publishers.

If you’re a songwriter or publisher, make sure you’re affiliated with a PRO in your country to ensure you’re getting paid for your public performances.

To obtain a performance rights license, you need to contact the copyright holder or their representative directly. You can also use services like ASCAP, BMI, or SESAC.

Covers: Understanding Mechanical Licenses

• Get a mechanical license: Before releasing your cover song, make sure you have a mechanical license. This will ensure you’re legally allowed to reproduce and distribute your cover.
• Pay royalties: You’ll need to pay royalties to the original copyright holder for every copy of your cover song that’s made. This can be done through services like HFA or Music Reports.
• Follow the rules: Make sure you follow the rules of the mechanical license, including the required number of copies and the payment of royalties.

Also Read: Acoustic vs. Electric Instruments | Definition, Differences, Similarities & Functions

Remixes: Master Use Licenses and Sampling

• Clear the sample: Before releasing your remix, make sure you clear the sample with the original copyright holder. This will ensure you’re legally allowed to use the sample.
• Get a master use license: Once you’ve cleared the sample, you’ll need to get a master use license. This will allow you to legally use the original recording.
• Pay royalties: You’ll need to pay royalties to the original copyright holder for every copy of your remix that’s made.

Samples: Understanding Master Use Licenses

• Clear the sample: Before releasing your song, make sure you clear the sample with the original copyright holder. This will ensure you’re legally allowed to use the sample.
• Get a master use license: Once you’ve cleared the sample, you’ll need to get a master use license. This will allow you to legally use the original recording.
• Pay royalties: You’ll need to pay royalties to the original copyright holder for every copy of your song that’s made.

Common Mistakes and Legal Considerations

• Not getting a license: Make sure you get the necessary licenses before releasing your music. This can save you from legal trouble and financial penalties.
• Not clearing samples: Always clear samples with the original copyright holder before releasing your music. This can avoid legal disputes and financial penalties.
• Not paying royalties: Make sure you pay royalties to the original copyright holder for every copy of your music that’s made. This is a legal requirement and can avoid financial penalties.

Is It Ever Okay to Use Music Without a License?

Fair use is a legal doctrine that allows for the limited use of copyrighted material without permission from the copyright holder. However, it’s a complex area of law, and its application to music is often misunderstood.

In general, fair use is more likely to apply in educational, critical, or transformative contexts. For example, using a short clip of a song in a review or critique might be considered fair use. However, using a song in a commercial project or simply because you like it is unlikely to be considered fair use. It’s always best to err on the side of caution and obtain the necessary licenses.

Navigating the Licensing Process

Okay, so you’re ready to take the plunge into music licensing. Where do you even begin? Here are some resources and tips to get you started:

• Performing Rights Organizations (PROs): If you’re a songwriter or publisher, joining a PRO like ASCAP, BMI, or SESAC in the United States, or PRS for Music in the UK, is crucial for collecting royalties for public performances of your music.
• Harry Fox Agency (HFA): The HFA is the go-to resource for obtaining mechanical licenses in the United States.
• Music Publishers: Publishers can be invaluable in securing sync licenses and negotiating deals on your behalf.
• Licensing Agencies: Many agencies specialize in music licensing and can help you navigate the process.
• Online Licensing Platforms: Platforms like Songtradr, Marmoset Music, and Artlist offer a vast catalog of music available for licensing.

Here are some additional tips for navigating the licensing process:

• Do your research: Before approaching anyone for a license, research the standard rates and terms for the type of license you need.
• Be professional: When contacting copyright holders or their representatives, be polite, concise, and professional.
• Be prepared to negotiate: Licensing agreements are often negotiable, so don’t be afraid to ask for what you want.
• Get everything in writing: Always make sure you have a written agreement that outlines the terms of the license.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Here are some common questions songwriters have about music licensing:

Do I Need a License to post a Cover Song on YouTube or Social Media?

Generally, yes. While platforms like YouTube have agreements with music publishers to cover some royalties, it’s still best practice to obtain a mechanical license if you’re posting a cover.

How Do I Clear a Sample?

How Much Do Music Licenses Cost?

What happens if I don’t get a music license?